USB hard disks are often allocated different device names by Linux each time the system boots. For example: what is currently recognized as /dev/sda1 may well end up being /dev/sdb1 after a reboot. To get round this, it is possible to mount disks by label rather than device name by taking the following steps (as root): First of all, you need to see if the partition in question already has a label:...
Creating a self-signed certificate for an apache server is fairly straightforward. The following steps show you how to do it on an ubuntu / debian based system running apache: If it doesn’t already exist, make the directory for the key, csr and certificate to go in: mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl Go to that directory: cd /etc/apache2/ssl Generate the private key (Enter a passphrase when prompted, we’ll remove this later) openssl genrsa -des3 -out server....
Here’s an easy way change the names of all files in a directory from upper to lower case (note that we are using ls -1 and not ls -l in this example): user@server:~/test$ ls -1 FIVE FOUR ONE THREE TWO user@server:~/test$ for file in `ls -1` ; do newfile=`echo $file | tr .A-Z. .a-z.` ; mv $file $newfile ; done user@server:~/test$ ls -1 five four one three two To invert the process, simply change reverse the options passed to the ‘tr’ command like this:...